Wayzata World Factbook 1996/The World Factbook - 1996 Edition - Wayzata Technology (3079) (1996).iso/mac/TEXT/backgrd/BRAZIL.BKG

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
BACKGROUND NOTES:  BRAZIL
PUBLISHED BY THE BUREAU OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS
NOVEMBER 1994

Official Name:  Federative Republic of Brazil

PROFILE

Geography
Area:  8,511,965 sq. km. (3,290,000 sq. mi.).
Cities:  Capital--Brasilia (pop. 1.8 million).
Other cities:  Sao Paulo (11 million), Rio de Janeiro (6 million), Belo
Horizonte (2.3 million), Salvador (2 million), Fortaleza (1.8 million),
Recife (1.4 million), Porto Alegre (1.4 million), Curitiba (1.4
million).
Terrain:  Dense forests in northern regions, incl.  Amazon Basin;
semiarid along northeast coast; mountains, hills, and rolling plains in
the southwest (incl. Mato Grosso); and coastal strip.
Climate:  Mostly tropical or semitropical with temperate zone in the
south.

People
Nationality:  Noun and adjective--Brazilian(s).
Population:  155 million.
Annual growth rate:  2.1%.
Ethnic groups:  Portuguese, Italian, German, Japanese, African, Indians
(principally Tupi and Guarani linguistic stock).
Religion:  Roman Catholic (80%).
Education:  Literacy--81% of adult population.
Health:  Infant mortality rate--58/1,000. Life expectancy--66 yrs.
Work force (65 million):  Services--40%.  Agriculture--35%.  Industry--
25%.

Government
Type: Federative Republic.
Independence:  September 7, 1822.
Constitution: Promulgated October 5, 1988.
Branches:  Executive--president (chief of state and head of government)
popularly elected to a single 5-year term.  Legislative--Senate (81
members popularly elected to 8-year terms), Chamber of Deputies (503
members popularly elected to 4-year terms).  Judicial--Supreme Federal
Tribunal.
Political parties:  Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), National
Reconstruction Party (PRN), Liberal Front Party (PFL), Democratic Social
Party (PDS), Democratic Workers Party (PDT), Workers Party (PT),
Brazilian Labor Party (PTB), Liberal Party (PL), Brazilian Socialist
Party (PSB), Communist Party of Brazil (PC do B), Progressive Renewal
Party (PPR), Progressive Party (PP), Popular Socialist Party (PPS),
Progressive Renewal Party PRP, Progressive Party (PP), Popular Socialist
Party (PPS).
Suffrage:  Compulsory from 18-70.
Subdivisions:  26 states, Federal District of Brasilia.

Economy (1993)
GDP:  $456 billion.
Annual real growth rate:  5%.
Per capita GDP:  $3,000.
Natural resources:  Iron ore, manganese, bauxite, nickel, uranium,
gemstones, oil.
Agriculture (11% of GDP):  Products--coffee, soybeans, sugarcane, cocoa,
rice, beef, corn, oranges, cotton, wheat.
Industry:  Types--steel, chemicals, petrochemicals, machinery, motor
vehicles, consumer durables, cement, lumber, shipbuilding.
Trade:  Exports--$38.7 billion.  Major markets--U.S. 21%, Argentina 9%,
Japan 6%, Netherlands 6%, Germany 5%, France 4%, Italy 4%.  Imports--
$25.7 billion.  Major suppliers--U.S. 24%, Argentina 9%, Germany 9%,
Japan 8%, France 4%.
Official exchange rate:  0.92 Reals=U.S.$1 (Rate stable).


PEOPLE AND HISTORY

With an estimated population of nearly 155 million, Brazil is the most
populous country in Latin America and ranks sixth in the world.  Most of
the people live in the south-central area, which includes the industrial
cities of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Belo Horizonte.  Urban growth
has been rapid; by 1991 the urban sector represented 75% of the total
population.  Increased urbanization has aided economic development but
has also created serious social and political problems for major cities.

Four major groups make up the Brazilian population:  the Portuguese, who
began colonizing in the 16th century; indigenous Indians of Tupi and
Guarani language stock; Africans brought to Brazil as slaves; and
various Europeans and Asian immigrant groups that have settled in Brazil
since the mid-19th century.  The Portuguese often intermarried with the
Indians; marriage with slaves was common.  Although the major European
ethnic stock of Brazil was once Portuguese, subsequent waves of
immigration have contributed to a rich ethnic and cultural heritage.

From 1875 until 1960, about 5 million Europeans emigrated to Brazil,
settling mainly in the four southern states of Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa
Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul.  Immigrants have also come from Italy,
Germany, Spain, Japan, Poland, and the Middle East.  The largest
Japanese community outside Japan is in Sao Paulo.  Despite class
distinctions, national identity is strong, and racial friction is a
relatively new phenomenon.

Indigenous full-blooded Indians, located mainly in the northern and
western border regions and in the upper Amazon Basin, constitute less
than 1% of the population.  Their numbers are declining as contact with
the outside world and commercial expansion into the interior increase.
Brazilian Government programs to establish reservations for them and to
provide other forms of assistance have existed for years but are
controversial and often ineffective.

Brazil is the only Portuguese-speaking nation in the Americas.  About
80% belong to the Roman Catholic Church, although many Brazilians adhere
to Protestantism and spiritualism.

Some recent archeological research suggests that Brazil may have been
inhabited for 30,000 to 40,000 years, but most archeologists agree on
dates between 10,000 and 20,000 years.  In addition, speculation
continues that the Brazilian coast may have been visited by 15th century
Portuguese explorers who ranged widely in the South Atlantic, while
trading with Africa and settling the Azores and Madeira Islands.

Brazil was formally claimed in 1500 by the Portuguese navigator Pedro
Alvares Cabral.  It was ruled from Lisbon as a colony until 1808, when
the Portuguese royal family, having fled from Napoleon's army,
established the seat of government in Rio de Janeiro.  Brazil became a
kingdom under Dom Joao VI, who returned to Portugal in 1821, leaving his
son, the prince Dom Pedro, as regent.  The prince successfully declared
Brazil's independence on September 7, 1822, and became emperor with the
title of Dom Pedro I.  His son, Dom Pedro II, ruled from 1831 to 1889,
when a federal republic was established in a coup by Deodoro da Fonseca,
marchal of the army.  Slavery had been abolished a year earlier by the
acting Regent Princess Isabel while Dom Pedro II was in Europe.

From 1889 to 1930, the government was a constitutional democracy, the
presidency alternating between the dominant states of Sao Paulo and
Minas Gerais.  This period ended with a military coup that placed
Getulio Vargas, a civilian, in the presidency; Vargas remained as
dictator until 1945.  From 1945 to 1961, Eurico Dutra, Vargas, Juscelino
Kubitschek, and Janio Quadros were elected presidents.  When Quadros
resigned in 1961, he was succeeded by Vice President Joao Goulart.

Goulart's years in office were marked by high inflation, economic
stagnation, and the increasing influence of radical political elements.
The armed forces, alarmed by these developments, staged a coup on March
31, 1964.  The coup leaders chose as president Humberto Castello Branco,
followed by Arthur da Costa e Silva (1967-69), Emilio Garrastazu Medici
(1969-74), and Ernesto Geisel (1974-79) all of whom were senior army
officers. Geisel began a liberalization which was carried further by his
successor, Gen. Jose Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo (1979-85).
Figueiredo not only permitted the return of politicians exiled or banned
from political activity during the 1960s and 1970s but also allowed them
to run for state and federal offices in 1982.

An electoral college, however, consisting of all members of congress and
six delegates chosen from each state, continued to choose the president.
In January 1985, the electoral college voted Tancredo Neves from the
opposition Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB) into office as
President.  However, Tancredo Neves became ill in March and died a month
later.  His Vice President, former Senator Jose Sarney, became President
upon Neves' death.

Brazil completed its transition to a popularly elected government in
1989, when Fernando Collor de Mello won 53% of the vote in the first
direct presidential election in 29 years.  In 1992 a major corruption
scandal led to the impeachment and ultimate resignation of President
Collor de Mello.  Consistent with the Brazilian constitution, Vice
President Itamar Franco took office and will govern for the remainder of
his term in office culminating in the 1994 presidential elections.


GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS

Brazil is a federative republic with broad powers granted to the federal
government.  A constituent assembly drafted a new constitution in late
1988.  At the national level, the constitution establishes a
presidential system with three branches--executive, legislative, and
judicial.

The president is assisted by a vice president (elected with the
president), a presidentially appointed cabinet, and specialized
administrative and advisory bodies.  In national elections held October
3, 1994, Fernando Henrique Cardoso was elected President with 54% of the
vote.  He will take office January 1, 1995.

The bicameral National Congress consists of 81 Senators (three for each
state and the federal district) elected to eight-year terms, and 503
deputies elected at large in each state to four-year terms.  The
elections are based on proportional representation weighted in favor of
less populous states.

The apex of the judicial system is the Supreme Federal Tribunal, whose
11 justices, including the chief justice, are appointed by the president
to serve until age 70.

Brazil is divided administratively into 27 states and a federal
district, Brasilia.  The framework of state and local governments
closely parallels that of the federal government.  Governors are elected
for four-year terms.  A federal revenue sharing system, in place since
the 1988 constitution, provides states with considerable resources.

The federal district, which moved from Rio de Janeiro to Brasilia in
April 1960, is governed by a governor and a vice governor, both of whom
will be chosen in direct elections.

Brazil's major parties are:

Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB): Brazil's largest party, a
loosely-knit coalition of politicians from across the political
spectrum.  It elected federal deputies in all 27 states and the federal
district in 1990.

Liberal Front Party (PFL):  the country's second largest party and the
largest on the center-right.  The PFL is strongest in small and medium-
sized towns, particularly in the impoverished northeast and Amazon
regions.  The PFL was founded in 1985 by dissidents of the military-
created Democratic Social Party.

Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB):  formed in 1988 by dissidents
of the PMDB, the PSDB espouses a center-left social democratic agenda.
PSDB leaders, including Fernando Henrique Cardoso, support a free market
economy with greater government involvement in such social areas as
health care and education.

Workers' Party (PT):  formed in 1979, the PT is Brazil's European-style
leftist party, with a clearly defined ideology, strict party discipline,
hierarchical structure, and extensive grassroots organization.  It is
strongest among intellectuals, organized labor, and the economically
disadvantaged.  It draws considerable support from the liberation-
theology wing of the Catholic Church and from the 4-million-member labor
confederation, the Sole Workers Central.  The PT is headed by party
founder Luis Ignacio Lula da Silva, a presidential candidate in 1989 and
1994.

Progressive Renewal Party (PPR):  formed in 1993, the PPR represents a
merger between Paulo Maluf's former Democratic Social Party and the
Christian Democratic Party.  The party is based primarily in the more
industrialized south and southeast and includes many former supporters
of Brazil's military government.  The PPR is a center-right party that
generally supports free market reforms.

Progressive Party (PP):  founded in 1993 as a merger of the Renovating
Workers' Party and the Social Workers' Party, two splinter center-right
parties formed in 1990 to support the gubernatorial campaigns of several
local politicians.  The PP claims to support market-oriented policies
and is strong in a handful of states, such as Parana, and in the federal
district.

Democratic Workers Party (PDT):  a populist party founded by Leonel
Brizola in 1980.  The PDT is strongest in Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande
do Sul, states where Brizola served as governor.  Much of its support
come from urban and rural poor.   PDT members usually stress a greater
role for the government in tackling Brazil's pressing social problems.
Brazilian Labor Party (PTB):  founded in 1945, a populist party that no
longer has a major national leader or following.  Its appeal is limited
to several western states, such as Mato Grosso do Sul and Roraima.
Liberal Party (PL):  a center-right party popular among small
businessmen at the state and local level in Sao Paulo and Rio de
Janeiro.  The party advocates a mini-mum role for the state in economic
affairs and is a staunch proponent of a flat tax on businesses and
individuals.

National Reconstruction Party (PRN): formed in 1988 and Collor's
personal vehicle for his 1989 presidential bid.  Following Collor's
impeachment in late 1992, PRN membership in congress dropped
considerably.

Popular Socialist Party (PPS):  the former Brazilian Communist Party,
renamed in 1992 in the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union.  The
PPS espouses Marxist doctrine but frequently cooperates with other
center-left parties.

Communist Party of Brazil (PC do B):  avoided modifying its Soviet-style
platform since the end of the Cold War.  It has participated, though
minimally, in the 1989 and 1994 electoral coalitions formed to support
the PT presidential candidate.

Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB):  founded in 1946, the PSB, a leftist
party with one senator and 11 deputies.

Brazil also has several dozen smaller parties, some of which (e.g.
National Mobilization Party--PMN, and the Social Christian Party--PSC)
command a following in a handful of states.

Principal Government Officials
President--Itamar Franco
Vice President--Vacant
Foreign Affairs--Celso Amorim
Ambassador to the U.S.--Paulo Tarso Flecha de Lima
Ambassador to the UN--Ronaldo Sardenberg
Ambassador to the OAS--Luis Agosto de Araujo Castro

Brazil maintains an embassy in the United States at 3006 Massachusetts
Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008  (tel. [phone]).  Brazil maintains
consulates general in New Orleans, New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles,
and consulates in Miami, Houston, Dallas, San Francisco, and Atlanta.


ECONOMY

Brazil is a country rich in resources and natural advantages, but  its
economic performance has lagged behind its potential.  Economically, it
is a country of contrasts ranging from sophisticated economic centers
around Sao Paulo to relatively undeveloped trading outposts in the
northern region.  Industrial development has been concentrated in the
southeastern states of Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Parana, and Rio Grande
do Sul but is now expanding to include the northeast and center west.

In 1993, Brazil's gross domestic product (GDP) totaled $456 billion,
with an estimated per capita GDP of  $3,000.  In 1993, economic growth
was 5%; growth for 1994 is estimated to reach 3%.

Agriculture, Industry, and Natural Resources

About one-half of Brazil is covered by forests.  The largest rainforest
in the world is located in the Amazon Basin and is so impressive in
character and extent that the entire Amazon region is identified with
it.  Recent migrations into the Amazon and controversial large-scale
burning of forests areas placed the international spotlight on Brazil.
The government has subsequently reduced incentives for such activity and
has begun to implement an ambitious environmental plan.

Eastern Brazil has tropical and semideciduous forests and soil of
limited agricultural value; the nutrients in the small amount of humus
usually are exhausted after only a few years of farming.  The softwood
forests of the southern highlands still provide a substantial portion of
the construction timber used in Brazil.  However, fears that these
forests are being cut down so fast that they are in danger of extinction
within the next few decades have led the industry to move north.  Major
timber supplies for domestic and export markets now come from the
tropical hardwoods of the Amazon.  The thorn forests of the northeast
interior contain dry, cactus-infested, drought-resistant vegetation, its
sparseness due as much to overgrazing and overcultivation as to the
unreliability of rainfall.

In Central Brazil, the states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goias,
and parts of Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo contain substantial areas of
grassland, with only scattered trees.  Unlike the plains of North
America, the Brazilian grasslands are less fertile, and large areas of
these grasslands are best suited to pastures.

The agricultural sector employs 35% of Brazil's population and accounts
for about 11% of its GDP and almost 40% of the country's exports.
Except for wheat, Brazil is largely self-sufficient in food.  It is the
world's leading exporter of coffee, orange juice concentrate, and
tobacco, and is the second largest exporter of sugar and soybeans.

During the past decade, in an effort to expand its agricultural exports,
Brazil began opening new regions to cultivation.  The most important of
these are devoted to soybean production in Mato Grosso and Bahia, and,
more recently, Minas Gerais and Goias.  Brazil also has expanded
cultivation of sugarcane, the raw material used to produce ethyl alcohol
fuel that powers 40% of the nation's cars.

Brazil's power, transportation, and communications systems generally
have kept pace with development.  However, in recent years,  facilities
in some areas have not met demand, due to lack of investment and
maintenance funds.  The country has a large and increasingly
sophisticated industrial base, producing basic industrial products such
as steel, chemicals, and petrochemicals and finished consumer goods and
aircraft.  A computer industry is also emerging.  Within the past
decade, industry has been the greatest contributor to economic growth.
Today, it accounts for nearly 36% of GDP and 75% of exports.

Brazil is one of the world's leading producers of hydroelectric power,
with a potential of 106,500 megawatts.  Existing hydroelectric plants
provide 90% of the nation's electricity.  Two large hydro-electrical
projects, the 12,600-megawatt Itaipu Dam on the Parana River--the
world's largest dam--and the Tucurui Dam in Para in northern Brazil are
in operation.

Brazil's first commercial nuclear reactor, Angra I, located near Rio de
Janeiro, has been in operation for more than 10 years.  Angra II and III
are under construction.  With a combined capacity of 1,245 megawatts,
these are the first of eight nuclear plants planned under the 1975
nuclear accord between Germany and Brazil.  However, continued troubles
with Angra I and scarce funds have slowed construction of nuclear
plants, limiting further expansion for the foreseeable future.

Proven mineral resources are extensive.  Large iron and manganese
reserves provide important sources of industrial raw materials and
export earnings.  Deposits of nickel, tin, chromite, bauxite, beryllium,
copper, lead, tungsten, zinc, and gold, as well as lesser known
minerals, are exploited.  High-quality coal, especially of the coking
grade required in the steel industry, is in short supply.

The Brazilian Government has undertaken an ambitious program to reduce
dependence on imported oil.  Imports previously accounted for more than
70% of the country's oil needs but now account for less than 50%.  In
addition to developing hydroelectric, nuclear, and coal resources,
Brazil has become a world leader in the development of alcohol fuel
derived from sugarcane.  Brazilian automotive gasoline is a mixture
containing up to 22% ethyl alcohol.  Its auto manufacturers began large-
scale production of 100% alcohol-powered cars in 1979, and today more
than 3 million are on the road.  Alcohol production has not always kept
pace, however, leading to alcohol shortages in 1989-1990.  Alcohol
subsidies were reduced in the early 1990s, and car makers have begun to
increase production of gasoline-powered automobiles.

Government Economic Strategy

Following the 1964 coup, the Brazilian Government focused on two major
economic goals, high growth rates and control of inflation.  Sustained
economic growth continued into the 1970s.

By the late 1970s, escalating oil prices, governmental indebtedness, and
high interest rates brought the Brazilian economy to a virtual
standstill.  Throughout the 1980s, these problems were attacked through
a number of programs emphasizing reduced government expenditures and
subsidies and income tax increases.  Nevertheless, budget deficits have
persisted.  The combined public sector deficit in 1993 was at least 2%
of GDP.

On July 1, 1994, Brazil introduced its fifth currency in seven years,
the "Real," as part of an economic stabilization plan designed to curb
once-again rampant inflation, which reached an annual level of nearly
5,000% at the end of 1993.  Other facets of the plan include balancing
the budget, privatization of state-run industries, and strict monetary
controls.

Foreign direct investment represents a relatively small but important
part of Brazil's capital base.  The share of foreign direct investment
and reinvestment totals $8.7 billion, largely in manufacturing and
finance.  The constitution restricts the entry of new foreign investors
in the financial services area, although U.S. and other foreign
institutions established before the prohibition continue to have a
prominent share.  The constitution also contains provisions that
restrict investment in petroleum and minerals exploration, health care,
chemicals, biotechnology, and new materials.  It is believed by many
economists, however, that long-term stabilization will require further
structural reforms as well as revision of the constitution.

Trade and Investment

Foreign direct investment and reinvestment in Brazil (registered with
Central Bank as of June 30, 1993) is $41.9 billion.  Sources include the
U.S. $13.6 billion (33%); Germany $6.1 billion (14%) Japan $4 billion
(9%) U.K. $2.3 billion (5%), Canada $1.7 billion (4%), and Switzerland
$1.7 billion (4%).

Brazil's industrial development strategy contributed to significant
growth and, in the late 1980s, to large trade surpluses.  The country
recorded a $19 billion surplus in 1988 and $16 billion in 1989--a
remarkable turnaround from the deficits experienced at the beginning of
the decade.  Surpluses for 1992 and 1993 were $15 billion and $13
billion respectively.


FOREIGN RELATIONS

Traditionally, Brazil has been a leader in the inter-American community
and has played an important role in collective security efforts as well
as in economic cooperation in the Western Hemisphere.  Brazil aligned
with the allies in both World Wars and, during World War II, its
expeditionary force in Italy played a key role in the allied victory at
Monte Castello.  It is a party to the Inter-American Treaty of
Reciprocal Assistance (Rio Treaty) and the Organization of American
States (OAS).  Recently, Brazil has given high priority to expanding
relations with its South American neighbors and is a founding member of
the Amazon Pact; the Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)--the
successor to the Latin American Free Trade Association (LAFTA); and
MERCOSUL (Spanish is MERCOSUR)--uniting Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay,
and Brazil.

Brazil is a charter member of the United Nations and participates in
many of its specialized agencies.  It holds a two-year Security Council
seat through the end of 1994.  It has contributed troops to UN
peacekeeping efforts in the Middle East, the former Belgian Congo,
Cyprus, Mozambique, and Angola.

As Brazil's domestic economy has grown and diversified, the country has
become increasingly involved in international politics and economics.
The United States, Western Europe, and Japan are primary markets for
Brazilian exports and sources of foreign lending and investment.
Brazil's dependence on imported petroleum has resulted in more intensive
political and economic ties with Middle Eastern countries.  In the
1970s, Brazil expanded its relations with sub-Saharan African countries.
In 1986, it introduced a proposal at the UN General Assembly to
establish a Zone of Peace and Cooperation in the South Atlantic.  As an
indication of Brazil's broader international role, trade with other
developing countries increased from 9% of the total in the 1970s to
nearly 30% in 1993.  In the past year, Brazil has also bolstered its
commitment to nuclear non-proliferation through the signing of a full
scale nuclear safeguard agreement with the International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA) and through ratification of the Treaty of Tlatelolco.


U.S.-BRAZILIAN RELATIONS

The United States was the first country to recognize Brazil's
independence in 1822.  Brazil's 19th-century leader, Emperor Dom Pedro
II, admired Abraham Lincoln and visited the United States during the
1876 centennial.  Presidents Roosevelt and Truman made earlier visits;
President Carter visited in 1978, President Reagan in 1982, and
President Bush in 1990.  President Sarney visited the United States in
1986, and President Collor came to Washington in 1991.

In the 1950s and 1960s, Brazil received about $2.4 billion in U.S.
economic assistance--$1.4 billion under the auspices of the U.S. Agency
for International Development (USAID) and the remainder under P.L. 480
(Food for Peace) and Peace Corps programs.

In view of Brazil's impressive economic development and its increased
ability to obtain loans and technical assistance from private and
multilateral sources, U.S. assistance programs were phased out in the
1970s, major USAID activities in Brazil ended in 1979, and the Peace
Corps program was ended in 1980.  Currently, USAID maintains a small
advanced developing country program that emphasizes cooperation on
environment, health, and family planning and responds to endemic
disease, emergencies, and natural disasters.

The United States is Brazil's most important commercial partner and
largest investor.  The U.S. share of Brazilian trade averages 23%, and
two-way trade amounted to $13.3 billion in 1993.  Brazil's lack of
intellectual property protection (especially patents in certain areas)
led to frictions with the United States and other major trading partners
in 1993.  These came to a head in 1994, when the United States named
Brazil in formal trade actions on two occasions under U.S. trade law.
The U.S. objective was to stimulate negotiations as well as appropriate
action by Brazil to protect intellectual property rights.  For its part,
Brazil is critical of the United States for high U.S. tariffs on
products such as steel and orange juice, which Brazil exports.  Recent
efforts by both sides have begun to reduce the tensions arising from
these issues.

Bilateral agreements between Brazil and the United States include a
treaty of peace and friendship; an extradition treaty; a joint
participation agreement on communication satellites; and, scientific
cooperation, civil aviation, and maritime agreements.  Brazil and the
United States exchange professors under Fulbright and other academic
programs and carry out university cooperation projects.

Principal U.S. Embassy Officials
Ambassador--Melvyn Levitsky
Deputy Chief of Mission--Mark Lore
Defense Attache--Col. Layton Dunbar, U.S. Army
Economic Counselor--Paul Wackerbarth
Commercial Counselor--Richard Ades
Political Counselor--Theodore Wilkinson
Science Counselor--Roy Simpkins
Public Affairs Counselor (USIS)--Carl Howard
Consul General in Rio de Janeiro--David Zweifel
Consul General in Sao Paulo--Philip Taylor

The U.S. embassy in Brazil is located at Avenida das Nacoes Sul, Quadra
801, Lote 3, Brasilia, DF, CEP 70403-900 (tel. [phone], telex 061-
1091).

U.S. consulates general are in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo.  Consulates
are at Porto Alegre and Recife. Consular agents are in Manaus, Sao Luis,
Belem, and Salvador da Bahia.  Branch offices of the U.S. Information
Service (USIS) are located in Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and
Recife.  Branch offices of the U.S. Foreign Commercial Service are
located in Brasilia, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte and
Belem.

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